One design methodology that's gaining popularity in the green movement is "Biophilia". It's not a new idea - Harvard biologist Edward O Wilson first proposed it in 1984 - but in the last few years studies have begun to show it has significant and measurable effects on people's state of mind.

The word Biophilia literally means "love of life".  Wilson chose it to label what he defined as humans' innate and evolutionarily based affinity for nature.  Biophilia dovetails perfectly with sustainable building design because it involves the inclusion of nature and natural elements in the built environment.  These elements might include daylighting and natural ventilation, views to nature, and access to plants and water features. A vegetated roof, for example, which limits ambient heat build-up and reduces storm water runoff, can also provide an urban garden and connection to nature.  Natural ventilation can reduce cooling loads and air-moving equipment, while also providing fresh air. Carefully shaded glazing provides heat and light, while bestowing on interior spaces subtle diurnal changes in the color and quality of light.

Increasingly, studies have shown biophilic elements have real, measurable benefits relative to such human performance metrics as productivity, emotional well-being, stress reduction, learning, and healing.  In addition, biophilic features foster an appreciation of nature, which, in turn, should lead to greater protection of natural areas, eliminate pollution, and maintain a cleaner environment.

Perhaps the most famous success story for Biophilic design is Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater, shown above right, and widely considered to be the most important piece of American architecture in the last hundred years. Keep reading for more examples of Biophilia in urban ecosystems.

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